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<div><span style="font-size: 1rem;">The concept of sustainability is defined as continuity and the ability to endure for the future. The concept of sustainable nutrition is described as "a dietary model that ensures food and nutrition security for both the present and future, contributes to health, and minimizes environmental impact."</span></div><div>Over the past 70 years, the global population has nearly doubled, and it is expected to exceed 8 billion by 2030. This rapid increase in population brings along environmental and nutrition-related challenges. Any food offered for human consumption that is unhealthy or not sustainable poses significant risks to both the environment and human health. Food production systems contribute to global issues such as climate change, loss of biodiversity, and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). The FAO reports that current food systems are responsible for 33% of GHG emissions. Despite the development of new technologies aimed at reducing GHG emissions, significant reductions are expected to be achieved only through changes in individuals' dietary patterns and food choices. Food systems have the potential to improve human health and support environmental sustainability. Individual food choices significantly impact both human health and the environment. Plant-based food preferences are considered a vital part of a healthy diet. Diets that are predominantly plant-based are associated with lower disease risks. Furthermore, plant-based diets produce fewer GHG emissions compared to animal-based diets, suggesting that plant-based eating patterns have positive effects on both health and the environment. Globally, various action plans have been implemented to regulate food systems and improve individuals' diets and nutritional status. Research has shown that dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, Nordic diet, vegetarian and vegan diets, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet are beneficial for health and environmentally friendly. Since the early 1990s, with growing concerns about environmental sustainability, the plant-based Mediterranean diet has been investigated as a sustainable dietary model. As a result of studies, the Mediterranean diet has been defined as a sustainable dietary pattern and is recommended for health improvement, disease prevention, and overall well-being. Compared to other dietary models, the Mediterranean diet involves lower consumption of animal-based foods, which also leads to a lower environmental impact. The Mediterranean dietary pattern is considered sustainable due to its alignment with human nature and seasonality, as well as the reduced consumption of animal products, which minimizes environmental effects. This study was conducted to assess individuals' knowledge of sustainable nutrition and their adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
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